Astaxanthin is a natural xanthophylls carotenoid found in microalgae like Haematococcus pluvialis. Its unique chemical structure shields cell membranes by neutralizing reactive oxygen species, thanks to two oxygenated groups on each ring. This structure also enables esterification, higher antioxidant potency, and a more polar configuration compared to other carotenoids. Astaxanthin’s presence in marine life gives salmon and crustaceans their reddish color. It’s also found in yeast, fungi, plants, and bird feathers. In 1999 United States tood and Drug Administration has approved for use as a dietary supplement (nutraceutical). The microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis produces the astaxanthin isomer (35, 35), which is the same as the form found in wild salmon.

Haematococcus pluvialis is a freshwater microalgae belonging to the family Chlamydomonadaceae. Strains of the algae extend across habitats ranging from the African lakes to the Arctic snow fields. Astaxanthin acts like a field force that protects the nuclear DNA and cell content from oxidation and UV radiation.